منابع مشابه
The hefty penalty on marriage facing many households with children.
Over the past seventy years Congress has enacted dozens of tax and transfer programs, giving little if any attention to the marriage subsidies and penalties that they inadvertently impose. Although the programs affect both rich and poor Americans, the penalties fall most heavily on low- or moderate-income households with children. In this article, Adam Carasso and Eugene Steuerle review importa...
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Kelly and Bryan are in love. About two years ago, after dating for some time, they decided to move out of their respective parents’ homes and in together. Since Kelly and Bryan are both employed and earn about the same amount of money, they determined that they could afford it. So, they co-signed a lease to an apartment, bought some furniture, and set up their utilities. They even opened a join...
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Reinforcement Learning is a kind of machine learning. It aims to adapt an agent to a given environment with a clue to a reward. In general, the purpose of reinforcement learning system is to acquire an optimum policy that can maximize expected reward per an action. However, it is not always important for any environment. Especially, if we apply reinforcement learning system to engineering, we e...
متن کاملDeath Penalty Policy in Countries in Transition
S countries abolish the death penalty during their transition from war to peace or from an authoritarian to a democratic regime. In other cases, countries regard the death penalty as a necessary policy to promote their transition. In whatever way, it seems that the transition process has some impact on death penalty policy. How and to what extent is this so, and what exactly are the elements th...
متن کاملWatch Your Step: Optimal Policy in a Tipping Climate
We investigate the optimal policy response to the possibility of abrupt, irreversible shifts in system dynamics. The welfare cost of a tipping point emerges from the policymaker’s response to altered system dynamics. Our policymaker also learns about a threshold’s location by observing the system’s response in each period. Simulations with a recursive, numerical climate-economy model show that ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Economic Perspectives
سال: 1999
ISSN: 0895-3309
DOI: 10.1257/jep.13.3.193